“Airships past and present – together with chapters on the use of balloons in connection with meteorology, photography and the carrier pigeon” by A. Hildebrandt, captain and instructor in the Prussian Balloon Corps (1908). Pictures, table of contents and list of illustrations below. Related: Camping in the clouds – the zeppelin that never lands / Green slow air cargo / Kite aerial photography.
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CONTENTS.
I. THE EARLY HISTORY OF THE ART ...... 1 II. THE INVENTION OF THE AIR BALLOON . . . . . 9 III. MONTGOLFIERES, CHARLIERES, AND ROZIERES . . . . 14 IV. THE THEORY OF THE BALLOON ....... 27 V. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE DIRIGIBLE BALLOON ... 38 VI. THE HISTORY OF THE DIRIGIBLE BALLOON, 1852 1872 . . 48 VII. DIRIGIBLE BALLOONS- FROM 1883 1897 53IX. FLYING MACHINES 90 X. KITES * 116
XI. PARACHUTES . . . 124 XII. THE DEVELOPMENT OF MILITARY BALLOONING .... 128 XIII. BALLOONING IN THE FRANCO-PRUSSIAN WAR .... 141 XIV. MODERN ORGANISATION OF MILITARY BALLOONING IN FRANCE, GERMANY, ENGLAND, AND RUSSIA 151
XV. MILITARY BALLOONING IN OTHER COUNTRIES .... 169 XVI. BALLOON CONSTRUCTION AND THE PREPARATION OF THE GAS . 175 XVII. INSTRUMENTS . . . . . . . . . . 192 XVIII. BALLOONING AS A SPORT 197 XIX. SCIENTIFIC BALLOONING . . . . . . . . 238
XX. BALLOON PHOTOGRAPHY 284 XXI. PHOTOGRAPHIC OUTFIT FOR BALLOON WORK . . . . 302 XXII. THE INTERPRETATION OF PHOTOGRAPHS 323 XXIII. PHOTOGRAPHY BY MEANS OF KITES AND ROCKETS . . . 337 XXIV. PROBLEMS IN PERSPECTIVE 340 XXV. CARRIER PIGEONS FOR BALLOONS 343 XXVI. BALLOON LAW 358 INDEX LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 1. THE THRONE OP XERXES DRAWN THROUGH THE AIR BY FOUR TAME EAGLES . . .... . . . . * . . 2
2. FAUSTE VERANZIO IN HIS PARACHUTE . . ... . . 3 3. THE PLYING SHIP, DESIGNED BY FRANCISCO DE LANA ... 4 4. PHOTOGRAPH OF AUGSBURG, SHOWING THE CATHEDRAL. TAKEN FROM A BALLOON BY A. RIEDINGER . . . . . . 5 5. MEERWEIN'S FLYING MACHINE. FROM MOEDEBECK'S " POCKET BOOK FOR BALLOONISTS " . ' 7 6. CLOUDS PHOTOGRAPHED FROM A BALLOON 10 7. ASCENT OF A " MONTGOLFIERE " 11 8. PORTJENGRAT, AN ALPINE PEAK. PHOTOGRAPH BY SPELTERINI . 15 9. A SUCCESSFUL LANDING . . . .16 10. APPARATUS FOR GENERATING HYDROGEN . . . 20
11. PARIS, SHOWING THE EIFFEL TOWER ...... 21 12. A BALLOON IN THE ACT OF LANDING 23 13. THE "ROZIERE," CONSTRUCTED BY PILATRE DE ROZIER ... 24 14. THE BAROSCOPE . . . ' . . . . '. . .28 15. VIENNA. PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN FROM A CAPTIVE BALLOON . . 29 16. STOCKHOLM, SEEN FROM A HEIGHT OF 1,600 FEET . . . .31 17. THE STATOSCOPE, BY GRADENWITZ . . . . . . .35 18. A PARADE ON THE TEMPELHOFER FELD . . . 36 19. BALLOON WITH SAIL, AND WITH GUIDE-ROPE 40 20. SCOTT'S FISH BALLOON . .41
21. BALLOON, DESIGNED BY GENERAL MEUSNIER 45
22. GIFFARD'S DIRIGIBLE BALLOON, MADE IN 1852 . . . . 48 23. GIFFARD'S SECOND BALLOON, MADE IN 1855 50 24. DUPUY DE LOME'S BALLOON, 1872 . . . . . . .51 25. PAUL HAENLEIN'S DIRIGIBLE BALLOON 52
26. THE BASKET OF TISSANDIER'S DIRIGIBLE BALLOON . ... 53
27. TISSANDIER'S DIRIGIBLE BALLOON 54 28. THE BALLOON " LA FRANCE," BUILT BY RENARD AND KREBS . . 56
29. CAPTAIN RENARD 57 30. DR. WOLFERT'S DIRIGIBLE BALLOON ABOUT TO START ... 58 31. SCHWARZ'S BALLOON AFTER THE ACCIDENT 59 32. COUNT ZEPPELIN'S DIRIGIBLE BALLOON 62 33. COUNT ZEPPELIN 63 34. SANTOS DUMONT 66 35. SANTOS DUMONT'S SECOND BALLOON BREAKS ITS BACK, MAY HTH, 1899 67 36. SANTOS DUMONT'S THIRD BALLOON . .... 68 37. GRADENWITZ ANEMOMETER 69 38. EOZE'S DOUBLE BALLOON . 7239. SEVERO'S BALLOON ABOUT TO START 75 40. FRAMEWORK AND CAR OF L^BAUDY'S DIRIGIBLE BALLOON . . 78 41. CAR OF L^BAUDY'S BALLOON . . 79 42. LE"BAUDY'S DIRIGIBLE BALLOON 81
43. MAJOR PARSEVAL'S DIRIGIBLE BALLOON 85 44. COUNT DE LA VAULX . . .86 45. COUNT DE LA VAULX'S DIRIGIBLE BALLOON 87 46. DEGEN'S FLYING MACHINE . ... . . . . .90 47. DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATING MAREY'S THEORY WITH REFERENCE TO THE FLIGHT OF A BIRD 91 48. STENTZEL'S FLYING MACHINE 92 49. DUFAUX' FLYING MACHINE WITH PROPELLERS . . . . . 94 50. SANTOS DUMONT'S FIRST FLYING MACHINE 95 51. PHILLIPS' FLYING MACHINE 97 52. SIR HIRAM MAXIM'S FLYING MACHINE 98
53. ADER'S FLYING MACHINE . . . 99 54. KRESS'S FLYING MACHINE 100 55. DITTO 101 56. STARTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR PROFESSOR LANGLEY'S FLYING MACHINE '-..-.. 103
57. PROFESSOR LANGLEY'S FLYING MACHINE AT THE MOMENT OF STARTING ... 104 58. HOFMANN'S FIRST MODEL WITH CARBONIC ACID MOTOR . _ . 105 59. HOFMANN'S WORKING MODEL . 105 60. HERR HOFMANN AND MR. PATRICK ALEXANDER IN THE WORKSHOP 106 61. LILIENTHAL ON HIS FLYING MACHINE 107 62. LILIENTHAL STARTING FROM THE HILL ON HIS FLYING MACHINE 108 63. STARTING AN AEROPLANE 110
64. AEROPLANE IN FLIGHT 1ll 65. ARCHDEACON'S EXPERIMENTS ON THE SEINE 113 66. LANGLEY'S FLYING MACHINE ON THE POTOMAC . . . .114 67. WELLNER'S FLYING MACHINE 115 68. THE JAPANESE "MAY CARP " 116 69. HARGRAVE KITE 117 70. OTHER SHAPES OF HARGRAVE KITES 117 71. VARIOUS FORMS OF KITES . .118
72. CODY'S KITE 119 73. CODY'S KITE USED AS A CAPTIVE BALLOON ... .120 74. KITE FOR SIGNALLING 121 75. SIGNALLING BY MEANS OF LIGHTS FROM A KITE . . . .121 76. LIEUTENANT WISE MAKING AN ASCENT IN A KITE . . . .122 77. MILLET'S KITE CARRYING OBSERVERS 123
78. COOKING'S PARACHUTE 125 79. FRAULEIN KATHE PAULUS PREPARING TO DESCEND IN HER PARA- CHUTE . . . . ..... . 126 80. FRAULEIN KATHE PAULUS WITH HER DOUBLE PARACHUTE . 126 81. FALL OF A PARACHUTE . . ... . . 127 82. METHODS OF TRANSPORTING A CAPTIVE BALLOON . 129 83. LANDING OF A BALLOON IN THE STREETS OF STRASSBURG . . 130 84. BELLE-ALLIANCE PLATZ, BERLIN, TAKEN FROM A BALLOON . 132 85. HELPING TO LAND A BALLOON . . . . . . . . .133 86. A BALLOON ABOUT TO LAND . . . . . . . . 135 87. KITE-BALLOON AT ANCHOR . . . . '. . . 137 88. STEAM WINCH FOR PULLING IN A CAPTIVE BALLOON . . . 142 89. GUN CONSTRUCTED BY KRUPP FOR FIRING AT BALLOONS . . 145
90. SKETCH ILLUSTRATING THE METHOD OF AIMING AT A BALLOON . 147 91. WAGGON CARRYING GAS CYLINDERS FOR ONE DIVISION OF THE BALLOON CORPS . . . . . . . . . . 149 92. OLD METHOD OF GENERATING HYDROGEN. .. .. . .. :..' 152 93. MODERN GAS WAGGON . . . ; . . . ... 153 94. FRENCH METHOD OF SUSPENDING THE BASKET FOR AN OBSERVER. 155 95. ONE OF THE BALLOONS IS PEGGED DOWN IN THE OPEN FIELD, AND THE OTHER IS SUNK IN A SPECIALLY PREPARED PIT . . 156 96. FRONT AND REAR WAGGONS OF A MODERN GAS EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN THE FIELD . .' ... , . ... . 157 97. WAGGON CARRYING TOOLS AND APPLIANCES, THE BALLOON BEING PACKED ON THE TOP . . . . . . ^ . . . 159 98. BALLOONS USED FOR WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY ON THE TEMPELHOFER FELD . . . . . ... . ... ' . 161 99. BARRACKS FOR THE PRUSSIAN BALLOON CORPS AT TEGEL . .163 100. A COLLECTION OF EXPLODED GAS CYLINDERS . , ... 164 101. CAPTAIN HINTERSTOISSER, OF THE AUSTRIAN BALLOON CORPS . 166 102. AFTER A LANDING . . , . . . ... .171 103. A BALLOON READY FOR INFLATION '. . 173 104. ASCENT OF A CAPTIVE BALLOON IN CALM WEATHER . . . 176 105. ASCENT OF A CAPTIVE BALLOON ON A WINDY DAY . . . 177 106. STEEL CYLINDER FOR CONTAINING HYDROGEN 179 107. SECTION THROUGH STEEL CYLINDER 179 108. MAKING BALLOON ENVELOPES IN REIDINGER'S FACTORY . . . 181 109. PROFESSOR FINSTERWALDER'S PATTERNS FOR BALLOON ENVELOPES 182 110. BALLOON VALVES 183 111. THE FIRST RIPPING-PANEL USED IN A BALLOON IN 1844 . . 185 112. ARRANGEMENTS FOR RIPPING-PANEL . . . . , . 185 113. NET OF A BALLOON 186 114. DIFFERENT KINDS OF GRAPNEL 186 115. THE KITE-BALLOON DESIGNED BY MAJOR VON PARSEVAL AND CAPTAIN VON SIGSFELD 187 115A. DITTO 188 116. DRAWING SHOWING THE DESIGN OF THE KITE-BALLOON . . 189 117. BASKET SUSPENSION 190 118. ANEROID BAROMETER . ........ 192 119. BAROGRAPH, OR RECORDING BAROMETER . . . .. 193 120. BALLOON BASKET AND ITS CONTENTS 194 121. VOLLBEHR'S MICROPHOTOSCOPE 194
122. MICROPHOTOSCOPE IN CASE 195 123. MICROPHOTOSCOPE, WITH MAGNIFYING GLASS FOR USE IN DAYLIGHT 195 124. PROFESSOR BUSLEY, PRESIDENT OF THE BERLIN BALLOON CLUB . 199 125. A BANK OF CLOUDS 201 126. BALLOON AFTER THE RIPPING-CORD HAS BEEN PULLED . . . 202 127. THE HOFBURG, VIENNA . . 203 128. HELIGOLAND 205 129. WATER ANCHOR FOR BALLOON 209 130. BALLOON EXPEDITIONS ACROSS THE ENGLISH CHANNEL . . .211 131. COUNT DE LA VAULX' BALLOON OVER THE MEDITERRANEAN . . 212 132. BASKET OF COUNT DE LA VAULX' BALLOON . . . . . 212 133. COUNT DE LA VAULX' DE VIATOR IN ACTION . . . . . 213
134. DEVIATOR OFFERING THE MAXIMUM RESISTANCE .... 214 135. DEVIATOR OFFERING THE MINIMUM RESISTANCE . . . . 215 136. MAP SHOWING THE COURSE OF THE BALLOON FROM BERLIN TO MARKARYD 216 137. CURVE GIVEN BY THE RECORDING BAROMETER ON THE JOURNEY FROM BERLIN TO MARKARYD 217 138. STOCKHOLM SEEN FROM AN ALTITUDE OF 3,000 FEET . . . 221 139. MISCHABELHORN, SEEN FROM THE EAST 222 140. THE LAKE OF LUCERNE 227 141. BALLOON AND BALLOONISTS ON THEIR WAY HOME .... 229 142. LANDING IN A TREE 231 143. DILLINGEN, SEEN THROUGH THE CLOUDS . . . . . . 232 144. BUILDING A PONTOON OVER THE SPREE . . .... 235 145. BRIDGE OVER THE ILLER, NEAR KEMPTEN 236 146. DR. JEFFRIES WITH THE BAROMETER USED ON HIS ASCENTS . . 240 147. APPARATUS FOR GENERATING HYDROGEN ..... 241 148. GLAISHER AND COXWELL IN THE BASKET 244 149. GLAISHER'S INSTRUMENTS 245 150. BASKET FITTED WITH INSTRUMENTS ACCORDING TO THE METHOD PROPOSED BY ASSMANN 247
151. ASSMANN'S ASPIRATOR-PSYCHROMETER 248 152. PROFESSOR ASSMANN AND PROFESSOR BERSON 249 153. THE KAISER ATTENDING THE ASCENT OF A RECORDING BALLOON ON THE TEMPELHOFER FELD, NEAR BERLIN . . . .251 154. MAJOR MOEDEBECK 252 155. CAPTAIN VON SIGSFELD 252 156. CAPTAIN GROSS . 253 157. A RECORDING BALLOON WITH INSTRUMENTS . 254 158. A WICKKRWORK BASKET WITH INSTRUMENTS FOR A RECORDING BALLOON 255 159. DR. HERGESELL . . . 256 160. ASCENT OF A BALLOON, FITTED WITH A PARACHUTE, AT LINDENBERG 257 161. ASCENT OF A BOX KITE CONTAINING METEOROLOGICAL INSTRUMENTS 258 162. WINCH HOUSE AT ASSM ANN'S AERONAUTICAL OBSERVATORY . . 259 163. CURVKS TAKEN BY RECORDING INSTRUMENTS . . . . .261 164. CURVES GIVEN BY RECORDING INSTRUMENTS . . . . . 262 165. A. LAURENCE ROTCH . 264 166. KITE ASCENTS ON THE PRINCE OF MONACO'S YACHT . . . 265 167. RECORDING BALLOONS ON THE SS. "PLANET" . . ; ' . . 266 168. THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGIST, ROTCH, MAKING SOME KITE ASCENTS ON THE ATLANTIC . . . . . . . . 267 169. BARO-THKRMO-HYGROGRAPH, DESIGNED FOR BALLOONS . . . 269 170. BARO-THERMO-HYGROGRAPH, DESIGNED FOR KITES . ' . . . 270 171. BARO-THERMO-HYGROGRAPH, DESIGNED FOR RECORDING BALLOONS 271 172. PROFESSOR SURING, OF THE PRUSSIAN METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE 272 173. THE BALLOON, "PRUSSIA." BELONGING TO THE AERONAUTICAL OBSERVATORY . 273
174. HERR VON SCHROETTER'S ORDINARY HANDWRITING . . . . 274 175. HERR VON SCHROETTER'S HANDWRITING UNDER AN ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE OF 9'45 INCHES OF MERCURY. . . . . . 275 176. THE BALLOON, "PRUSSIA," HALF FULL OF GAS . . ... 276 177. THE BALLOON, "PRUSSIA," GETTING READY FOR AN ASCENT . . 277
178. VIKTOR SILBERER, PRESIDENT OF THE AERO CLUB, OF VIENNA . 279 179. THE SHADOW OF THE BALLOON IS SEEN ON THE CLOUDS, TOGETHER WITH A HALO . - . . . . 280 180. THE SHADOW OF THE BALLOON IS CAST ON THE CLOUDS, AND THE CAR IS SEEN SURROUNDED BY A RAINBOW . . . . .281 181. TRIBOULET'S PANORAMIC APPARATUS . . 288 182. THE FIRST PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN FROM A BALLOON IN AUSTRIA . 289 183. THE REICHSBRUCKE IN VIENNA . ... . . . . 290 184. EASTERN RAILWAY STATION IN BUDAPESTH ..... 294 185. CLOUDS OVER THE ALPS . . . . . . . 298 186. PHOTOGRAPH, OF A VILLAGE 299 187. PHOTOGRAPH OF A VILLAGE, TAKEN AT NIGHT . . . . 300 188. DUCOM'S PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS 304
189. HAGEN'S METHOD OF MOUNTING THE CAMERA ..... 304 190. PHOTOGRAPH OF THE EXHIBITION BUILDINGS ... . 306 191. BARON VON BASSUS' RIFLE APPARATUS ...... 308
192. VAUTIER-DUFOUR APPARATUS, PACKED IN ITS CASE . . . 309 193. VAUTIIiR-DUFOUR APPARATUS, READY FOR USE 309 194. AIGUILLE VERTE, TAKEN WITH THE VAUTIER-DUFOUR APPARATUS 310 195. AIGUILLE VERTE, TAKEN WITH AN ORDINARY LENS . . .311 196. FILM HOLDER . 312 197. DIAGRAM SHOWING THE RELATION BETWEEN THE FOCAL LENGTH OP THE LENS, THE SIZE OF THE IMAGE, AND THE DISTANCE OF THE OBJECT 317 198. MONT BLANC, AS SEEN FROM GENEVA . . . see fating page 317 199. DITTO ; . - . see facing page 317 200. PYRAMIDS OF CHEOPS, CHEPHREN, AND MENCHERES . . . . 318 201. CAPTAIN SPELTERINI, OF ZURICH . . . . . . 320 202. VILLAGE IN POSEN, AS SEEN FROM A BALLOON IN WINTER . . 323 203. HERRENBERG IN WURTTEMBURG 324 204. . . . 325 205. VIEW OF BLANKENBURG IN THE HARZ MOUNTAINS . . . 326 206. RUDERSDORF . . . 327 207. CHALKPITS NEAR RUDERSDORF 328 208. VILLAGE IN THE UCKERMARK IN WINTER ..... 329 209. OBJECTS OF DIFFERENT COLOURS, PHOTOGRAPHED FROM ABOVE . 330
210- DITTO . 331 211. CAMERA FOR THREE-COLOUR PHOTOGRAPHY 332 212. SLIDING SCREEN CARRIER FOR THREE-COLOUR PHOTOGRAPHY . . 333 213. MIETHE'S CAMERA FOR THREE-COLOUR PHOTOGRAPHY IN A BALLOON 334 214. BOULADE'S STEREOSCOPIC CAMERA 336 215. BATUT'S KITE FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS .... 338 216. PANORAMIC APPARATUS FOR A BALLOON WITHOUT OBSERVERS . 338 217. THE VILLAGE OF EUDOW, AS SHOWN ON THE ORDNANCE MAP . 340 218. PHOTOGRAPH OF RUDOW, TAKEN FROM A BALLOON . . .341
219. PHOTOGRAPHIC REPRODUCTION OF MESSAGES ON A REDUCED SCALE 345 220. DARK SLATE.-COLOURED CARRIER PIGEON BELONGING TO HERR FLORING 350 221. HAYNAU IN SILESIA. TAKEN FROM A HEIGHT OF 8,000 FEET . 352 222. IN THIS PHOTOGRAPH THE SHADOW OF THE BALLOON IS SEEN ON THE "OLD FORTIFICATIONS ........ 355 Related
Camping in the clouds : the zeppelin that never lands Green slow air cargo : the revival of the airship Kite aerial photography A practical guide for automobilists (1901) No Tech Magazine / Low-tech Magazine
